Egyptian Gods and Goddesses

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Egyptian Gods

 


Amun
(also Ammon, Amon Ra)

Supreme god of the ancient Egyptians.
His worship spread to Greece, where he was identified with Zeus and to Rome, where he was known as Jupiter Ammon.
As a national god of Egypt, he was associated in a triad, with Mut and Khonsu.

 


Anubis

God of mummification, protector of tombs and is often represented as having a dogs head.
He is said to have weighed the souls of the dead, against a feather.

 


Atum

Known as 'the complete one'.
He was a great creator god, thought to have been the oldest worshipped at Heliopolis and came into being among the primeval waters of Nun.
He is usually shown as a man wearing a double crown.

 


Apis

A god depicted as a bull, symbolized fertility and strength in war.
Apis was worshipped especially at Memphis, where he was recognised as a manifestation of Ptah, then of Ra and later of Osiris.

 


Bes

Protector of women during pregnance and childbirth.
Fond of parties and sensual music, he is usually shown as having short legs, an obese body and a grotesque bearded face.
He is also credited with being able to dispel evil spirits.

 


Geb
(also Kebu, Seb, Sibu, Sivu)

God of the earth, earthquakes and fertility.
His sister, Nut, was his counterpart as the sky goddess.

 


Horus

A sky god, whose symbol was the hawk, is usually depicted as a falcon-headed man.
He was regarded as the protector of the monarchy and his name was often added to royal titles.
He assumed various aspects.  He was known to the Greeks as Harpocrates (Horus the Child) and was usually shown as a chubby infant, with a finger in his mouth.

 


Khephra
(also Khephera, Khopri)

Said to have been self-created and god of the dawn sun.
His symbol was the scarab beetle (both the sun and the act of self-creating, are symbolized by the ball of dung, which the scarab beetle rolls in front of it and which hatches into a new beetle).

 


Khonsu

Whose name means 'he who crosses', was a moon god, worshipped especially at Thebes, as a member of a triad and the divine son of Amun and Mut.

 


Osiris

A god originally associated with fertility, was the husband of of Isis and father of Horus.
He is known chiefly through the story of his death at the hand of his brother, Seth and his subsequent restoration by his wife, isis, to a new life as ruler of the afterlife.
Under Ptolemy I, his cult was combined with that of Apis, to produce the cult of Serapis.

 


Ptah

An ancient deity of Memphis, creator of the universe, god of artisans and husband of Sekhemet.
He became one of the chief deities of Egypt and was identified by the Greeks, with Hephaestus.

 


Ra

The supreme Egyptian sun god, was worshipped as the creator of all life and often portrayed with a falcons head, bearing the solar disk.
He appears travelling in his ship with other gods, crossing the sky by day and journeying through the underworld at the dead of night.
From earliest times, he was associated with the pharaoh.

 


Seth

One of the oldest of the Egyptian deities, he is the god of chaos and evil, as well as the personification of desert drought.
He is shown as a man, with the head of a monster.

 


Thoth

God of knowledge, law, wisdom. writing and the Moon.
He is the measurer of time and depicted either as an ibis, a man with the head of an ibis, or as a baboon.
 

Egyptian Goddesses

 


Bastet
(also Bast)

A goddess whi is usually shown as a woman with the head of a cat, wearing one gold earring and carrying a sistrum in her right hand.
She was the goddess of pleasure, dancing, music and joy.
Cats were considered to be her sacred animal and were therefore protected from harm.

 


Hathor

A sky goddess, the patron of love and joy, represented variously as a cow, with a cows head or ears, or with a solar disk between the cows horns.
Her name means 'House of Horus'.

 


Isis

Was first a nature goddess, wife of Osiris and mother of Horus.
Her worship spread to Western Asia, Greece and Rome, where she was identified with various local goddesses.

 


Maat

Goddess of truth, justice and cosmic order and was the daughter of Ra.
She is depicted as a young and beautiful woman, seated or standing, with a feather on her head.

 


Mut

The queen of all the gods and regarded as the wife of all living things.  She was also the wofe of Amon and mother of Khonsu.
She is usually depicted with the head of a vulture.
Her name means 'the mother'.

 


Nut

The sky goddess, was thought to swallow the sun at night and give birth to it in the morning.
She is usually shown as a naked woman with her body arched above the earth, which she touches with her feet and hands.

 


Sekhmet

A fierce lion goddess, counterpart of the gentler cat goddess, Bastet and wife of Ptah at Memphis.
Her messengers were abominable creatures, who could bring about diseases and other curses on mankind.

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